Plato (in F.
Isjwara, SH, 1992: 185) classifies about the form of government are as follows:
the best form of government is a monarchy and form slump (degenerate form) of
the monarchy is tyranny. Monarchy is the ideal shape and tyranny is a form of
decline, with the form of declining aristocracy and oligarchy and democracy in
the form of declining then mobokrasi.
Aristotle
classify forms of government in the three forms of government are good and
three bad forms of government. Three forms of government or a good constitution
is a monarchy, aristocracy and polity. In addition, there are three forms of
bad government which is the deterioration forms of the good government, namely
tyranny degenerate form of monarchy; oligarchs degenerate form of aristocracy
and democracy as a form slump of polity, Aristotle (in F. Isjwara, SH, 1992:
187).
Sovereign
people, to carry out the deliberations or voting strongly considering regional
conditions and the condition of the people themselves. On the basis of these
considerations, the implementation of the deliberations can be divided into two
ways: first, directly, or all the people who had assembled; second, by not
directly or through representatives.
Folk consisting
of various backgrounds and interests of thought, in making a needed public
policy procedures and mechanisms in accordance with the culture of the people
who will take the decision. Principle in making public policy in general can be
distinguished as follows: first, the principle of consensus; second, the
principle of majority voting; Third, the principle of using both these principles
by promoting one of the principles that exist between these two principles.
Henry B. Mayo
(in Miriam Budiardjo, 2008: 117) explains that the democratic political system
is to show the general policy is determined on the basis of a majority vote by
the representatives of the people are supervised by the people in periodic
elections based on the principle of political equality and implemented in
ensuring an atmosphere of political freedom. The concept of democracy is a
political system in which sovereignty is in the hands of the people and carried
out entirely by representatives of the people.
Substantially,
democracy means rule of the people, power and authority in the hands of all the
people, not in the hands of God with his deputy, nor in the hands of a person,
nor in the hands of a group of people. In this case every public policy must
come from the voice of the people.
Therefore, in a
democratic system, people got an important position because the people hold
sovereignty. Abraham Lincoln give a sense of democratic government of the
people by the people and for the people "government of the people, by the
people, and for the people". Every country that adopts democracy will give
great freedom and power to the people (Sahid Gatara, 2009: 251).
Jean Jacques
Rousseau (in Ramlan Surbakti, 1992: 29) explains that no one is allowed to
represent a person in making legislation that is fundamental. Folk can delegate
the implementation of regulations concerning to state officials, but people can
not delegate the authority to make the rules as if they delegate The real they
become slaves.
Gaffar (2005: 3)
explains that In political science, there are two kinds of understanding of
democracy, namely understanding normatively and empirically understanding (procedural
democracy). In a normative understanding that democracy is something that is
going to be done or Idil organized by a state. The normative phrase usually
translated in the constitution of each country. But things are not necessarily
normative can be seen in the context of day-to-day political life of a country.
Therefore, it is necessary to see how the meaning of democracy empirically,
namely democracy in perwujutannya in practical political life.
The
understanding of democracy in the context of this kind allows us to observe
whether in a political system of government provides sufficient space for the
citizens of the community to perform in order to focus praferensi political
participation through the existing political organizations? Thus the meaning
and practice of democracy can be different from each other.
J. Schmandt (2005: 226) explain
the meaning of democracy by providing an assessment of the St. Thomas who put
political authority in society as a whole and see the authorities as
representatives of the people to exercise the power of the people is real. No
power in the hands of the people and carried out entirely by representatives of
the people who were in the House of Representatives, in the hands of the
people's sovereignty and oversight by the people directly. In carrying out its
functions as a watchdog of government, the people form a community of social
institutions.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar